1.a) Freedom of speech and press protect individuals who want to have their voice heard. The
government may not restrict anyone from saying or writing what they want. However, if something
extremely crude or violating others safety is written or said they may be punished, but not prevented.
b) Interest groups may take many routes in an effort to influence public policy through grass roots mobilization, lobbying and litigation. They may influence policy through grass roots mobilization by organizing citizens to try to speak out and try to make a difference. They do so through lobbying by directly contacting policy makers and offering information while trying to convince them to support policy in their favor. Litigation can be used to get your way by using cases and amicus curiae briefs.
c) One specific federal regulation on interest groups are campaign finance laws and prohibition of bribery.
http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/ap10_us_govt_politics_q1.pdf
2.a) The merit system is a way if hiring based on ability and experience.
b). The structure of the bureaucracy contributes to bureaucratic independence because it is hard to control such a large, specialized system. The complexity of public policy problems also contribute to their independence because they are so specialized and they have discretionary authority.
c) Congress can check the bureaucracy using appropriations, if you are not doing a good job you don't get the money. The courts can regulate by judicial review. Interest groups can check them using freedom of speech and other provisions in the first amendment.
http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/ap10_us_govt_politics_q2.pdf
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